Next CSE-PPT: 14 March 2027 · Professional & Subprofessional
Civil Service Exam Professional reviewer on identifying assumptions and drawing conclusions: implied assumptions, valid conclusions, syllogisms, ranking, facts versus opinions and cause and effect.
Identifying assumptions and drawing conclusions is part of the official Analytical Ability scope of the Civil Service Exam Professional level. This set uses everyday office and community situations to practise finding the unstated assumption behind a statement, choosing the conclusion that must follow, ranking, telling facts from opinions, and spotting cause and effect.
A conclusion follows only if it is certain from the statements given. Options that are merely possible, that add new information, or that exaggerate ("all", "never", "will surely") are usually wrong, as the explanations show.
Correct answer: A. Applications received after 5:00 p.m. may be processed later.
The statement implies a cut-off: applications after 5:00 p.m. will not be in this week's processing and may be handled later. Nothing suggests automatic approval or permanent closure.
Read detailsCorrect answer: D. Trees can help lower temperatures along roads.
The plan only makes sense if trees can reduce heat, for example through shade. The other options are not needed for the plan to be reasonable.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. Elevators may fail or become dangerous during a fire.
The advice assumes that elevators can stop working or open onto a fire floor. It has nothing to do with speed or the time of day.
Read detailsCorrect answer: D. Lea is not in the Records Section.
If every Records Section employee attended and Lea did not, Lea cannot be in the Records Section. The reason for her absence is not given.
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. Some clerks use computers.
The clerks who are typists must use computers, so at least some clerks use computers. We cannot say that all clerks do, because not every clerk is a typist.
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. Rina is not a cashier, or she broke the rule.
If Rina followed the rule, she cannot be a cashier; if she is a cashier, she broke the rule. The statements do not tell us which, or that she is the manager.
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. Most of the surveyed employees prefer a four-day work week.
150 of 200 is 75%, a majority of those surveyed. The data say nothing about all employees elsewhere, about adoption, or about productivity.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. Students do not need to go to school today.
A suspension of classes means students do not attend today. Nothing in the statement tells us about tomorrow's weather, teachers' leave or damage to buildings.
Read detailsCorrect answer: C. Waiting time decreased after the new system was introduced.
The statement supports only that waiting time fell. Claims that everyone pays online, that cash is refused, or that waiting will reach zero go beyond the information given.
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. Carlo was late fewer than three times this month.
Three late arrivals always lead to a memo, so without a memo Carlo was late fewer than three times. He may still have been late once or twice, so "never late" does not follow.
Read detailsCorrect answer: D. Ana is a registered voter.
"Only registered voters may join" means anyone who legally joined must be a registered voter. Her position, age and vote are not stated.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. The 1987 Constitution has eighteen Articles.
A fact can be checked and proved, like the number of Articles. The other statements are opinions or recommendations that people may reasonably disagree with.
Read detailsCorrect answer: D. Running the air conditioner in an empty room wastes electricity.
The advice assumes that an air conditioner left on in an empty room uses electricity for no benefit. That is why switching it off saves energy.
Read detailsCorrect answer: C. No A is C.
Every A is inside B, and B shares nothing with C, so A cannot share anything with C either: no A is C. Drawing three circles makes this clear.
Read detailsCorrect answer: C. P is greater than R.
Order them: P > Q > R. So P is greater than R. This "transitive" reasoning is common in ranking and comparison items. The same reasoning works with "older than", "taller than" or "earlier than".
Read detailsCorrect answer: C. Employees in far provinces have access to the internet.
Holding the training online helps far-away employees only if they can go online. The statement does not claim online training is always better.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. Ben
From highest to lowest: Mia, Jon, Ella, Ben, Lito. Lito is the lowest and Ben is second lowest. Writing the names in a line is the quickest way to solve ranking items.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. Some reports were not submitted on time.
"Not all were on time" means at least one was late, which is the same as "some were not on time". It does not mean that none or all were late.
Read detailsCorrect answer: D. The barangay believes better lighting can improve night-time safety.
The stated purpose shows the barangay expects lighting to improve safety. The statement does not prove crime has ended or compare costs.
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. Heavy rain caused the river to overflow.
In "Heavy rain caused the river to overflow", the rain (cause) produced the overflow (effect). The other sentences describe facts without any cause-and-effect link.
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