Social Justice, Education and the Family (Articles XIII–XV) MCQs

Civil Service Exam reviewer on Articles XIII, XIV and XV of the Constitution: social justice and labour, agrarian and urban land reform, health, the Commission on Human Rights, education, languages and the family.

1. 1

   Under Article XIII, Section 1, the Congress shall give highest priority to the enactment of measures that:

   AProtect and enhance the right of all the people to human dignity, reduce social, economic and political inequalities, and remove cultural inequitiesBPromote foreign investment above all elseCIncrease the salaries of public officialsDStrengthen the military

   Correct answer: A. Protect and enhance the right of all the people to human dignity, reduce social, economic and political inequalities, and remove cultural inequities

   Section 1 gives highest priority to measures that protect and enhance human dignity, reduce social, economic and political inequalities, and remove cultural inequities by equitably diffusing wealth and political power for the common good.

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2. 2

   Under Article XIII, Section 7, the State shall protect the rights of subsistence fishermen, especially of local communities, to the preferential use of:

   ACommunal marine and fishing resources, both inland and offshoreBCommercial fishing vessels owned by the governmentCImported fishing equipmentDPrivate fishponds

   Correct answer: A. Communal marine and fishing resources, both inland and offshore

   Section 7 protects the preferential use of communal marine and fishing resources by subsistence fishermen, and extends State support to them through appropriate technology and research, adequate financial, production and marketing assistance, and other services.

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3. 3

   Under Article XIII, Section 3, the State recognises the right of labour to its just share in:

   AForeign aidBThe profits of the stock marketCThe fruits of productionDGovernment revenues

   Correct answer: C. The fruits of production

   Section 3 asks the State to regulate relations between workers and employers, recognising the right of labour to its just share in the fruits of production and the right of enterprises to reasonable returns on investments.

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4. 4

   Article XIII, Section 4 directs the State to undertake an agrarian reform program founded on the right of farmers and regular farmworkers who are landless:

   ATo own directly or collectively the lands they tillBTo receive monthly cash allowancesCTo be employed by the governmentDTo work abroad

   Correct answer: A. To own directly or collectively the lands they till

   Section 4 founds agrarian reform on the right of landless farmers and regular farmworkers to own directly or collectively the lands they till or, for other farmworkers, to receive a just share of the fruits.

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5. 5

   The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988 is Republic Act No. 6657. It was extended and strengthened in 2009 by:

   ARA 7160BRA 9700 (CARPER)CRA 8371DRA 7279

   Correct answer: B. RA 9700 (CARPER)

   RA 9700, the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program Extension with Reforms (CARPER) Act of 2009, extended land acquisition and distribution and introduced reforms to the program created by RA 6657.

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6. 6

   Under Article XIII, Section 10, urban or rural poor dwellers shall not be evicted nor their dwellings demolished:

   AUnless they have lived there for less than ten yearsBUnder any circumstancesCExcept in accordance with law and in a just and humane mannerDWithout the approval of the Supreme Court

   Correct answer: C. Except in accordance with law and in a just and humane manner

   Section 10 allows eviction and demolition only in accordance with law and in a just and humane manner, and requires consultation with the affected citizens and communities on resettlement. RA 7279, the Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992, implements this.

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7. 7

   Under Article XIII, Section 11, the State shall adopt an integrated and comprehensive approach to health development, giving priority to the needs of:

   AMedical studentsBPrivate hospitalsCThe underprivileged sick, elderly, disabled, women and childrenDGovernment officials and their families

   Correct answer: C. The underprivileged sick, elderly, disabled, women and children

   Section 11 gives priority to the underprivileged sick, elderly, disabled, women and children, and states that the State shall endeavour to provide free medical care to paupers.

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8. 8

   Article XIII, Section 14 directs the State to protect working women by providing safe and healthful working conditions:

   AOnly after ten years of serviceBTaking into account their maternal functionsCOnly in the agriculture sectorDOnly in government offices

   Correct answer: B. Taking into account their maternal functions

   Section 14 asks the State to protect working women through safe and healthful working conditions, taking into account their maternal functions, and through facilities and opportunities that enhance their welfare and enable them to realise their full potential.

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9. 9

   Under Article XIII, Section 16, the right of the people and their organisations to effective and reasonable participation at all levels of social, political and economic decision-making:

   AMay be suspended by the PresidentBShall not be abridgedCBelongs only to registered votersDApplies only during elections

   Correct answer: B. Shall not be abridged

   Section 16 states that this right shall not be abridged, and that the State shall, by law, facilitate the establishment of adequate consultation mechanisms. It supports the role of people's organisations in governance.

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10. 10

    Under Article XIII, Section 17, the Commission on Human Rights is composed of:

    AA Chairman and four Members, the majority of whom shall be members of the BarBA Chairman and six CommissionersCFive Justices of the Supreme CourtDA Chairman and two Commissioners

    Correct answer: A. A Chairman and four Members, the majority of whom shall be members of the Bar

    Section 17(2) provides for a Chairman and four Members who must be natural-born citizens, a majority of whom shall be members of the Bar. The CHR is an independent office but is not one of the three Constitutional Commissions.

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12. 11

    Under Article XIV, Section 2(4), the State shall encourage which of the following?

    APrivate tutoring as a replacement for public schoolsBNon-formal, informal and indigenous learning systems, as well as self-learning, independent and out-of-school study programmesCStudy abroad in place of local schoolingDOnly formal schooling in accredited institutions

    Correct answer: B. Non-formal, informal and indigenous learning systems, as well as self-learning, independent and out-of-school study programmes

    Section 2(4) recognises that learning happens outside the classroom too, and asks the State to encourage non-formal, informal and indigenous learning systems and out-of-school study programmes, particularly those that respond to community needs.

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13. 12

    Free tuition in state universities and colleges and local universities and colleges was provided by Republic Act No. 10931 of 2017, known as the:

    AFree Elementary Education ActBEnhanced Basic Education ActCHigher Education Act of 1994DUniversal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act

    Correct answer: D. Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act

    RA 10931 provides free tuition and other school fees in SUCs and qualified LUCs, and created the tertiary education subsidy for eligible students. RA 10533 of 2013 is the Enhanced Basic Education Act, which introduced K to 12.

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14. 13

    Under Article XIV, Section 4(2), educational institutions, other than those established by religious groups and mission boards, shall be owned solely by Filipino citizens or by corporations at least what percentage Filipino-owned?

    A51 percentB70 percentC60 percentD100 percent

    Correct answer: C. 60 percent

    Section 4(2) requires at least sixty per centum Filipino ownership and vests the control and administration of educational institutions in citizens of the Philippines.

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15. 14

    Article XIV, Section 4(2) also provides that no group of aliens shall comprise more than what fraction of the enrolment in any school, except schools for foreign diplomatic personnel and their dependents and, unless otherwise provided by law, for other foreign temporary residents?

    AOne-fourthBOne-halfCOne-thirdDTwo-thirds

    Correct answer: C. One-third

    The same section states that no educational institution shall be established exclusively for aliens and that no group of aliens shall comprise more than one-third of the enrolment in any school, subject to the exceptions mentioned.

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16. 15

    Under Article XIV, Section 17, the State shall recognise, respect and protect the rights of indigenous cultural communities to:

    AForm separate countriesBReceive automatic government employmentCBe exempt from all national lawsDPreserve and develop their cultures, traditions and institutions

    Correct answer: D. Preserve and develop their cultures, traditions and institutions

    Section 17 directs the State to recognise, respect and protect the rights of indigenous cultural communities to preserve and develop their cultures, traditions and institutions, and to consider these rights in national plans and policies.

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17. 16

    Under Article XIV, Section 5(2), academic freedom shall be enjoyed in:

    AGovernment training centres onlyBPrivate high schools onlyCPublic elementary schools onlyDAll institutions of higher learning

    Correct answer: D. All institutions of higher learning

    Section 5(2) guarantees academic freedom in all institutions of higher learning. This protects the freedom of universities to decide who may teach, what may be taught, how it shall be taught and who may be admitted.

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18. 17

    Under Article XIV, Section 3(3), religion may be taught in public elementary and high schools:

    AAt the option expressed in writing by the parents or guardians, within regular class hours, by instructors designated or approved by the religious authorities, without additional cost to the GovernmentBAs a required subject for all studentsCOnly on weekends by government teachersDNever, under any circumstances

    Correct answer: A. At the option expressed in writing by the parents or guardians, within regular class hours, by instructors designated or approved by the religious authorities, without additional cost to the Government

    Section 3(3) allows optional religious instruction under these conditions. It balances freedom of religion with the separation of Church and State: the instruction is optional and costs the Government nothing extra.

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19. 18

    Under Article XIV, Section 8, the Constitution shall be promulgated in Filipino and English and shall be translated into:

    AEnglish onlyBMajor regional languages, Arabic and SpanishCAll languages of ASEAN member statesDLatin and French

    Correct answer: B. Major regional languages, Arabic and Spanish

    Section 8 requires the Constitution to be promulgated in Filipino and English and translated into the major regional languages, Arabic and Spanish, so that more Filipinos can read the fundamental law in a language they understand.

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20. 19

    Under Article XV, Section 2, marriage is described as:

    AA private contract that the State does not regulateBA temporary arrangementCA religious matter outside the lawDAn inviolable social institution and the foundation of the family

    Correct answer: D. An inviolable social institution and the foundation of the family

    Section 2 states that marriage, as an inviolable social institution, is the foundation of the family and shall be protected by the State. Section 1 recognises the Filipino family as the foundation of the nation.

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21. 20

    Under Article XV, Section 4, the family has the duty to care for its elderly members, but the State may also do so through:

    AJust programmes of social securityBCompulsory employment of senior citizensCHigher taxes on the elderlyDMandatory military service

    Correct answer: A. Just programmes of social security

    Section 4 states that the family has the duty to care for its elderly members but that the State may also do so through just programmes of social security. Laws such as the Expanded Senior Citizens Act build on this.

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