Next CSE-PPT: 14 March 2027 · Professional & Subprofessional
Civil Service Exam reviewer on Article II (state principles and policies), Article X (local government), and key provisions on the national economy, education and social justice in the 1987 Constitution.
Beyond the three branches of government, the Civil Service Exam often asks about the principles and policies of the State in Article II and the rules on local government in Article X. This set also covers selected provisions on the national economy and patrimony, education, and social justice that appear regularly in General Information questions.
Many items quote the Constitution directly, so pay attention to key phrases such as "sovereignty resides in the people" or "civilian authority is, at all times, supreme over the military". The explanations show where each phrase comes from.
Correct answer: D. Article II, Section 1
Article II, Section 1 declares that the Philippines is a democratic and republican State, and that sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. Supreme over the military
Section 3 provides that civilian authority is, at all times, supreme over the military, and that the Armed Forces of the Philippines is the protector of the people and the State.
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. Separation of Church and State
Article II, Section 6 states that the separation of Church and State shall be inviolable. It is supported by Article III, Section 5, which forbids any law establishing a religion.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. Conception
Section 12 recognises the sanctity of family life and requires the State to equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception.
Read detailsCorrect answer: C. Article II, Section 14
Article II, Section 14 recognises the role of women in nation-building and requires the State to ensure the fundamental equality before the law of women and men. RA 9710, the Magna Carta of Women, puts this into detailed law.
Read detailsCorrect answer: C. Article II, Section 16
Article II, Section 16 directs the State to protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature. The writ of kalikasan protects this right in court.
Read detailsCorrect answer: D. Political dynasties as may be defined by law
Section 26 directs the State to guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service and to prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by law. Congress has not passed a general anti-dynasty law; a limited ban applies to Sangguniang Kabataan officials under RA 10742.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. Three consecutive terms
Article X, Section 8 sets a three-year term for elective local officials, except barangay officials whose term is fixed by law, and limits them to three consecutive terms. Voluntary renunciation does not interrupt the continuity of service.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. Muslim Mindanao and the Cordilleras
Article X, Section 15 provides for autonomous regions in Muslim Mindanao and in the Cordilleras. The Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao was created under RA 11054; a Cordillera autonomous region has not yet been established.
Read detailsCorrect answer: C. RA 7160 (1991)
RA 7160, the Local Government Code of 1991, implemented the constitutional policy of local autonomy in Article X. It defines the powers of provinces, cities, municipalities and barangays and their share in national taxes.
Read detailsCorrect answer: D. The national taxes
Section 6 entitles local government units to a just share in the national taxes, which shall be automatically released to them. This share is now called the National Tax Allotment.
Read detailsCorrect answer: C. 60 percent
Article XII, Section 2 allows co-production, joint venture or production-sharing agreements with Filipino citizens, or with corporations or associations at least sixty per centum of whose capital is owned by such citizens.
Read detailsCorrect answer: C. Elementary and high school levels
Article XIV, Section 2(2) requires a system of free public education in the elementary and high school levels, and makes elementary education compulsory for all children of school age. Free tuition in state universities came later, through RA 10931 of 2017.
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. Education
Section 5(5) requires the State to assign the highest budgetary priority to education and ensure that teaching attracts and retains its rightful share of the best available talents through adequate remuneration.
Read detailsCorrect answer: C. Filipino and, until otherwise provided by law, English
Section 7 makes Filipino and, until otherwise provided by law, English the official languages. Regional languages are auxiliary official languages in the regions, and Spanish and Arabic are promoted on a voluntary and optional basis.
Read detailsCorrect answer: D. Social Justice and Human Rights
Article XIII, Social Justice and Human Rights, covers labour, agrarian reform, urban land reform and housing, health, women, people's organisations and the Commission on Human Rights.
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. The right to strike in accordance with law
Section 3 guarantees workers' rights to self-organisation, collective bargaining and negotiations, and peaceful concerted activities, including the right to strike in accordance with law, together with security of tenure and humane working conditions.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. The foundation of the nation
Article XV, Section 1 recognises the Filipino family as the foundation of the nation and directs the State to strengthen its solidarity and actively promote its total development.
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. Red, white and blue, with a sun and three stars
Article XVI, Section 1 describes the flag as red, white and blue, with a sun and three stars, as consecrated and honoured by the people and recognised by law. Its use is governed by RA 8491, the Flag and Heraldic Code.
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