Next CSE-PPT: 14 March 2027 · Professional & Subprofessional
Civil Service Exam reviewer on Philippine natural resources and energy laws: mining, forestry, renewable energy, energy efficiency, electric vehicles, green jobs, biodiversity and the Manila Bay case.
Environment Management and Protection in the Civil Service Exam also covers how the country manages its natural resources and energy. This set covers the Philippine Mining Act, the Revised Forestry Code, the Renewable Energy and Biofuels Acts, energy efficiency, electric vehicles, green jobs, the National Greening Program, Philippine biodiversity, and landmark environmental cases such as the Manila Bay clean-up.
Group these laws by resource: land and minerals, forests, energy, and biodiversity. For each, remember the law's number or year and its main goal. The explanations add the national symbols and endemic species that exams like to ask.
Correct answer: A. State
Article XII, Section 2 adopts the Regalian doctrine: natural resources are owned by the State, and their exploration, development and utilisation are under its full control and supervision.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. RA 7942 (1995)
RA 7942, the Philippine Mining Act of 1995, governs mining agreements, environmental protection in mining areas and the rehabilitation of mined-out land. The Mines and Geosciences Bureau of the DENR implements it.
Read detailsCorrect answer: C. PD 705 (1975)
Presidential Decree No. 705 of 1975, the Revised Forestry Code, governs the management, protection and use of forest lands, including rules against illegal logging and the classification of lands.
Read detailsCorrect answer: D. RA 9513
RA 9513 provides incentives for renewable energy and introduced mechanisms such as net metering, which lets consumers with solar panels sell excess electricity to the grid.
Read detailsCorrect answer: D. Gasoline and diesel
RA 9367 mandates blending bioethanol with gasoline and biodiesel (usually from coconut) with diesel, to reduce dependence on imported fuel and lower emissions.
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. RA 11285 (2019)
RA 11285 of 2019 makes energy efficiency and conservation a national way of life, sets standards for appliances and buildings, and requires government offices to manage their energy use.
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. RA 11697 (2022)
RA 11697 of 2022 provides a national framework for the electric vehicle industry, including incentives, charging infrastructure and the use of electric vehicles in government fleets.
Read detailsCorrect answer: C. RA 10771 (2016)
RA 10771 of 2016 defines green jobs as employment that helps preserve or restore the environment and offers incentives to enterprises that create them.
Read detailsCorrect answer: D. 1.5 billion
EO 26 of 2011 launched the National Greening Program with the goal of planting 1.5 billion seedlings on 1.5 million hectares from 2011 to 2016. It was later expanded by EO 193 of 2015.
Read detailsCorrect answer: C. Philippine eagle
Proclamation No. 615 of 1995 declared the Philippine eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi) the national bird. It is critically endangered and protected under RA 9147, the Wildlife Act.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. Mindoro
The tamaraw (Bubalus mindorensis) lives only on Mindoro and is critically endangered. October is observed as Tamaraw Month to raise awareness of its protection.
Read detailsCorrect answer: C. Is among the countries with the greatest variety of plant and animal species, many found nowhere else
The Philippines is one of about seventeen megadiverse countries, with a very high number of species and a large share of endemic species. It is also considered a biodiversity hotspot because many species are threatened.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. Continuing mandamus
In MMDA v. Concerned Residents of Manila Bay (2008), the Supreme Court issued a continuing mandamus requiring agencies to clean up Manila Bay and report regularly on their progress.
Read detailsCorrect answer: C. RA 4850 (1966)
RA 4850 of 1966 created the LLDA to promote the development of the Laguna de Bay region while protecting the lake's environment and water quality.
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. PD 1067 (1976)
Presidential Decree No. 1067 of 1976, the Water Code, states that all waters belong to the State and requires water permits for their use. The Clean Water Act (RA 9275) deals separately with pollution.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. Heat from inside the Earth
Geothermal plants use steam and hot water from underground to generate electricity. Thanks to its many volcanic areas, the Philippines ranks among the top geothermal producers in the world.
Read detailsCorrect answer: D. Export excess electricity to the grid and receive credit for it
Net metering lets qualified customers with small renewable energy systems export excess electricity to the distribution utility and receive credits that offset their electricity bills.
Read detailsCorrect answer: D. Department of Environment and Natural Resources
The DENR manages forests, protected areas, wildlife, minerals and land, through bureaus such as the Forest Management Bureau, the Biodiversity Management Bureau and the Mines and Geosciences Bureau.
Read detailsCorrect answer: A. Protect coasts from storm surges and erosion and serve as nurseries for fish
Mangroves reduce wave energy and trap sediment, protecting coastal villages from storm surges and erosion, and they shelter young fish and crabs, supporting fishing livelihoods.
Read detailsCorrect answer: B. Sustainable development
Sustainable development balances economic growth, social well-being and environmental protection. The Supreme Court's Oposa v. Factoran (1993) decision recognised intergenerational responsibility for the environment.
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